Coke oven



i March 12, 1940. o. HELLMANN COKE OVEN Filed Aug. 11, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 12, 1940. Q HELLMANN 2,193,456

COKE OVEN Filed Aug". 11, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 12, 1940.

o. HELLMANN 2,193,456

COKE OVEN Filed Aug. 11, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 EN 4 i,

1 i St March 12, 1940. Q HELLMANN 2,193,456

COKE OVEN Filqd Aug. 11. 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 amv g EEF nventora 0&0 MW

Atty.

ratus. always been charged into molds having bottom Patented Mar. 12, 1940 COKE OVEN Otto Hellmann, Boehum, Germany Application August 11, 1936,- Serial No. 95,336

- In Germany March 5, 1935 5 Claims.

This invention relates to coke ovens and more particularly to an oven for distilling or coking coal in thin layers.

In the production of coke, the individual pieces of which have varying sizes, in one and the same oven, it has already been suggested to' charge the coal into molds having the desired size and to stamp the coal therein as far as required. According to these known methods the material charged in the molds remains stationary in the distillation chamber during the process of distillation. The distillation chamber is heated step by step to the temperature of distillation in the manner well known in the coke oven art. The molds are bottomless, being mere frames lacking a bottom and the coal rests directly upon the bottom of the distillation chamber. At the top the mold is covered by a perforated cover.

It has now been found that the coke ovens known in the prior art can be greatly improved by charging the material to be distilled also into bottomless molds which are, however, arranged for displacement in the oven. During the shifting of these molds the coal to be distilledpasses through the difierent temperature zones, While resting upon the heating bottom in direct contact with it.

It has further been suggested to move the material to be distilled along the distillation appa- However, in those cases the material has plates, which involves the great disadvantage of a poor heat economy. Moreover an automatic discharge of coke from the individual molds is not possible where these cells maintain their original position. It has also been suggested to move the bottom, which carries the material. This latter design, however, results in considerable difficulties in the construction and operation of the oven. In particular, this arrangement requires special packings, such as fioating cups or the like. Moreover, ofcourse, the movable parts of such apparatus are exposed to very considerable wear.

The present invention, while resulting in an optimum heat economy, permits of the use of a stationary construction of the entire oven without any movable packings. By moving the in dividual bottomless molds along a circular path or in a closed rectangular path the charging and discharging of the molds iscarried out in continuous operation and the mold'frames always remain in the indirectly heated chamber channels. The mold frames are so guided that simul IV-IV, IVdIVa and V--V of Figs. 6, 7,

(Cl. 202-115) v taneously with one frame all'orat least a plurality- I g of frames are shifted.

Instead of a cover seated on each mold frame,

stationary cover plates maybe provided preferably, however, only atthoseplaces, where a covering of thematerial is found to be advantageous.

These cover plates are held against movement together with the molds, but are arranged for vertical movement. The cover plates are designed to counteract too large an expansion of the coke when theinflating pressure during-distillation becomes excessive; furthermore, the cover ,plates have the purpose of preventing too high and-pre mature a heat receptionof the material from above in the zone sensitive to, temperature. Therefore, at these respective places the cover plates are insulated against heat radiation.

According to the present invention several systems are arranged one above the other. Such optional number of similar oven chambersartaneous operation of the same as well as of charging and discharging by. means of a common,

charging and discharging device at one and the same point of the oven. Preferably also the-heating flues of the several stages are connected with each other in a manner such thatthe waste heat may be utilizedmost economically in the heating of the various stages. I v

Preferably the fine coal, before being charged into molds and being coked, is first subjected to a thermic treatment by heating the same up to about 100 to 2 0 0., as in this manner more valuable products are obtained.

In the drawings afiixed to this specification and forming part thereof several embodiments of the left hand side of the figure the drive mechanismifor all mold frames, while on the right hand side of the figure the charging and discharging device as Well as the discharge of the distillation gases are Shown.

Figs. 2, 3, eand 5 are horizontal sections through the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. l and along lines II II, III-III,

respectively, and .more particularly Fig. 2 isa partial section through the oven 2 ranged above each other permit of the simulheating surface.

Fig. 3 is a similar section through the oven chamber, however, above the mold frames,

Fig. 4. is a partial section through the heating channels, while Fig. 4a is a similar section through modified heating channels.

Fig. 5 is a similar section through the waste heat channels.

Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate two different modifications of the heating arrangement, and more particularly Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section along lines P1Q1 in Fig. 3, while Fig. 7 is a similar section taken along lines P2-Q2 in Fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a section along lines N1-O1 in Fig. 4,

while Fig. 9 is a section along lines N2--O2 in Fig. 4a.

Fig. 10 v is an elevation of part of another embodiment of the invention, showing the'twin chamber space, while Fig. 11 is a similar elevation on a difierent plane, showing the heating channels.

Figs. 12 and 13 are vertical cross sections taken along lines GH of Figs. 10 and 11, respectively.

Fig. 14 is a vertical AB in Fig. 10, while Fig. 15 is a similar section taken along lines C-D in Fig. 10 and Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic elevation of the oven block.

Referring now to the drawings and first to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. l-Q the coal stored at a is charged to the distributor space I), wherefrom it is supplied through conveyor worms 0 into the charge boxes at and therefrom is passed into the mold frames e. As is best shown in Fig. 2 the sector-shaped mold frames e, which in the first embodiment of the invention are arranged, by means of a toothed rim h, in a circle, are formed by radial ribs having corresponding outer boundaries. The mold frames e rest upon a stationary circular plate forming the The charging and discharging of each individual movable frame is effected by section taken along lines the stationary charging or discharging device.

The coke discharged from the sector-shaped frames drops from all stages into a common cell discharge f. passing therefrom into the conveyor device f1. While thus being conveyed, the

coke can be cooled in any desired manner. The movement of the'mold frames filled with material to be distilled is carried out in a manner such that several pinions g mountedon a common driving shaft mesh with the outer toothed rim h. In order to further guide the mold frames also at several points of the inner running path guide rollers z are arranged.

Theheating is effected through the heating bottom is preferably in such a manner that first the lowermost oven chamber is heated and the waste gases supplied to the chamber above it, adding thereto heating gases of higher temperature to obtain identical temperatures throughout the stages. An amount of circulating heating gases corresponding to the amount of fresh heating gases supplied is discharged from the apparatus in order to prevent too great an accumula tion of heating gases. The heat energy of the heating gases discharged from the top and intermediate stages can, of course, be utilized in any desired manner. The gases required for the heating are supplied through gas pipes Z to the Fig. 8, where the heating gases flow through the flues in descending direction, while according to Fig. 9 the heating gases rise in the flues. In either case the air enters the fines in Fig. 8 from the other side, however in Fig. 9 alternatingly with the gas. In the lower heating system the first combustion of the main amount of the gas supplied from the furnace below the oven takes place in the combustion chamber 11, the waste heat rising in zig-zag through the individual heating Time 112 and being discharged into the waste heat channel 0. In this manner the heating fiues m are always supplied with small amounts of additional heat designed to replace the consumed amounts of heat and to safeguard a uniform bottom temperature for all the heating fiues. A part of the heat from these bottom heating flues m can be passed through adjustable channels 73 to the cover heating through fiues q (Figs. 4 and 6-9); here adjustable amounts of air can be introduced at the points 291 for control purposes (Figs. 3 and 8).

Except at the points of charge and discharge, cover plates 8 (Figs. 6-9) resting on or above the radial ribs prevent excessive inflation of the material to be distilled. These plates are so arranged, that they do not jeopardize the free mobility of the mold frames. For this purpose they are supported in a manner such that they are k movable upwardly, but fixed in the direction of rotation. The plates are arranged in juxtaposition with their perforated or undulated outer edges abutting against each other and thus enabling the gases of distillation to pass into the waste flues. These cover plates are heated by the radiated heat from the fines q above them, and thus serve as top heating elements.

By insulating these plates, an excessive influence of the top heat can be avoided. This is of particular importance insofar as in the first period of distillation an excessive heating of the top layer of the material to be distilled must be avoided in order to prevent the formation of foam. Therefore, at this stage of the process The gases of distillation may be discharged from each stage separately and, if desired, even within each stage at different points thereof. A

further simple modification of this arrangement,

as shown in the drawings, provides for the discharge of the gases of distillation at t (Fig. 9)

from a shaft rising through to all stages, in which the guide rollers i are supported for ready access.

A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figs, 10 to 16. According to this embodiment of the invention, the mold frames, instead of being moved along a circular part, are circulated on two parallel tracks.

Referring now to Figs. 10 to 16, the mold frames I of all oven chambers are moved once during the period of distillation through the chambers 3i} and 3! in amanner such that by the simultaneous advancing of the frame at the end of each chamber'the framesatthe other end are forced to share in the'moveinent. The material and means for moving said mold frames in a closed path to and from said stations, means for maintaining the open bottom sides of said mold frames, when moving, in contact with said stationary heating bottom, and means for heating the coal in said frames to different temperatures in different parts of said chamber.

4. A coking oven comprising in combination, a plurality of superposed chambers, stationary heating bottoms in said chambers, shallow bottomless mold frames adapted to accommodate thin layers of coal and arranged for displacement on the heating bottoms of said chambers and in direct contact therewith, means for moving said mold frames through the oven While maintaining contact between said stationary heating bottom and the open bottom sides of the mold 5. A coking oven comprising in combination,

a stationary oven chamber, a stationary heating bottom in said chamber, shallow bottomless mold frames adapted to accommodate thin layers of coal and arranged for displacement on said heating bottom and in direct contact therewith, means for moving said mold frames through the oven while maintaining contact between said stationary heating bottom and the open bottom sides of the mold frames, means for heating the coal in said frames to different temperatures in dif-:, :1 6

ferent parts of said chamber, and means associated with said oven for preheating the coal to about from 100 to 250 C.

OTTO HELLMANN. in 

